Airbnb?
A sharing economy platform, a community marketplace, and a disruptive innovation.....
I blame them hipsters
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Anger at Airbnb grows in cities around the globe
Company insists it is not to blame for soaring rents but critics say it is being disingenuous, our correspondents write
A protester in Barcelona holds a banner saying “your Airbnb increases my rent” at a rally calling for the city to stop hosting large tourist events
More than 30 million pilgrims are expected to descend on Rome next year as the Vatican celebrates its jubilee — and they will all need a bed, making it a perfect moment for Airbnb to shine.
With far too few hotels to cope, the temporary spike in demand would ideally be absorbed by home-sharing sites such as Airbnb, as Romans rent out spare rooms and earn a few euros on the side.
That was the plan but the reality has proved different, with local landlords evicting tenants to make way for profitable pilgrims in a city where 17 per cent of housing in the centre is already listed for rent online, and where neighbourhoods with distinctive, centuries-old character are morphing into tourist dormitories.
The pilgrims may be seeking heaven but many residents believe they are helping the city to go to hell.
“This is an emergency for us — we need to prevent entire blocks of the centre from emptying out and turning into B&Bs, because the presence of residents is fundamental,” Roberto Gualtieri, the mayor of Rome, warned.
But even as Romans rise up and squirt glue in the increasing number of short-term rental properties’ key boxes, and as Airbnb’s reputation sours across Europe, the company told critics they have got it all wrong.
“Short-term lets in major cities like Lisbon, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, Berlin and Amsterdam represent less than 0.5 per cent of the local housing supply,” an Airbnb spokeswoman said this month. “The root causes of overtourism and housing challenges across Europe are decades of hotel-driven mass tourism and a lack of new homes being built.”
According to Filippo Celata, a housing expert at La Sapienza University in Rome, the firm is being disingenuous in citing the 0.5 per cent figure. “What they should be talking about is the percentage of rental properties, not total properties, that short-term rentals account for,” he said. “In Italy, short-term rental properties may be 1.3 per cent of the total [properties] but they account for an enormous 13 per cent of rentals, and that’s why rental prices are soaring, forcing residents out of cities.”
Across Europe the pushback is well under way. Jaume Collboni, Barcelona’s socialist mayor, plans to close all of the city’s approximately 10,000 short-term rental properties by 2028 after a year of protests against overtourism. In Malaga, where more than a fifth of all properties are listed on Airbnb, new short-term rentals have been banned in many neighbourhoods as residents complain about being priced out. The authorities in Seville have threatened to cut off water to unregistered shortterm lets.
In Lisbon, the granting of new licences in historic neighbourhoods ended in 2018. In France, as in Italy, anger against the tourist takeover of neighbourhoods has focused on key boxes, with residents in Marseilles vandalising them; there are calls in Paris and La Rochelle for key boxes to be removed when they are attached to public railings.
A new French law in November gave mayors powers to cap the number of holiday rentals in their towns, ban rentals from newly built neighbourhoods and reduce the maximum number of days homeowners can put their main residences on the market from 120 to 90. Owners who exceed the limit risk €20,000 fines.
Officials in Paris are in a hurry to use the law to whittle down the city’s 100,000 rentals, 20,000 of which they claim are undeclared. Nationally, MPs claim that rentals in France have increased from 300,000 to 1.2 million in the past eight years, adding to a housing crisis in many cities.
Amsterdammers are also furious about scarce housing and increasing rents — prices rose by 5.2 per cent last year — despite the capital having tightened the screws on Airbnb for years. In 2015 the city capped the number of days homeowners could rent out their properties to holidaymakers to 60 per year, then cut it again 30 days in 2020.
Renting out an apartment in Amsterdam you do not live in can cost you €21,750 in fines. The city wrote in its 2035 tourist strategy: “The city centre must once again become a place where more Amsterdammers can live. The balance between living, working and life must be restored.”
Airbnb’s reaction has been simply to claim that the Dutch, the French and the Spanish are all mistaken about the platform’s impact on rents. A study commissioned and released by Airbnb this month claimed that the crackdown in Paris had failed to stop rents rising further and added that tourist numbers in Amsterdam had risen by 12 per cent since 2019 despite the curtailing of short-term rentals. Regulation was “often ineffective” in controlling rents, the report stated.
New York’s experience goes some way to support that argument. Since the city limited stays of fewer than 30 days to two guests in September last year, and demanded that hosts be physically present during the reservation, Airbnb listings have dropped by more than 90 per cent — but neither housing availability nor affordability has improved, research has shown.
Angry hosts have gone underground, with invite-only groups spreading across Facebook and Instagram as well as Craigslist and one start-up named NYC Short Term Sublets amassing nearly 20,000 members on Facebook.
Back in Italy, Emily Clancy, the deputy mayor of Bologna, is certain that Airbnb is wrong about rents, claiming that the listing on the site of 8 per cent of all central apartments in her city has pushed up rates.“It is one thing to integrate a source of income by temporarily letting a room or an apartment, quite another to have professionals and owners of multiple properties on a platform which was made for occasional home sharing,” Clancy said.
There is one number in the Airbnbcommissioned report no-one is disputing — the cool €26.5 billion earned by hosts every year in Europe.
In Florence, Massimo Torelli, an activist who slaps glue on key boxes as a protest against Airbnb, admitted that owners would never stop trying to rent while doing so made such good money.
“Why rent to a local for €1,000 a month if you can make €4,000 on Airbnb?” he said. “The trend is unstoppable and it’s emptying the city.”
Reporting by Tom Kington in Rome, Adam Sage in Paris, David Sharrock in Malaga, Ella Joyner in Brussels and Samuel Lovett in New York
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